Ставлення допоміжного персоналу до людей з інтелектуальними порушеннями, які перебувають під його опікою: системний огляд літератури
Ключові слова:
причетність та інтеграція, прийняття рішень, сексуальне самовираження, обмеження, порушення розвитку, постачальник послуг, упередженість
Анотація
Мета. Сучасна література про ставлення допоміжного персоналу до людей із розумовими вадами демонструє неоднозначні результати. Представлений системний огляд має на меті забезпечити синтезування й ретельну оцінку якісних і кількісних даних про ставлення допоміжного персоналу до людей із вадами інтелекту, які перебувають під його опікою. Методи. Системний пошук літератури проведено в чотирьох електронних базах даних для ідентифікації оригінальних статей, опублікованих англійською мовою в період з 2014 по 2024 рік. Для організації пошукової стратегії та відбору досліджень були використані структури PICO (ПВПР –популяція, втручання, порівняння, результат) та положення PRISMA (ПЕЗСОМА – переважні елементи звітності для системних оглядів та мета-аналізу). Посилання були перевірені за попередньо визначеними критеріями включення та виключення, в результаті чого до огляду було включено 38 досліджень. Результати. Виокремлено чотири теми: 1) ставлення до інтеграції та причетності, 2) ставлення до самостійного прийняття рішень, 3) ставлення до сексуальних потреб та сексуального самовираження, 4) ставлення до обмежувальних заходів та втручань, пов’язаних зі стримуванням. Результати продемонстрували, що допоміжний персонал скептично ставився до інтеграції та значущої причетності людей з інтелектуальними вадами. Крім того, допоміжний персонал керувався припущенням, що люди з вадами розумового розвитку не здатні приймати самостійні рішення, оскільки вони не розуміють наслідків свого вибору. Допоміжний персонал вважав сексуальне самовираження людей із розумовою неповносправністю правом людини, але висловлював невпевненість у цьому питанні й підходив до певних аспектів сексуального самовираження з обережністю. Нарешті, допоміжний персонал був чітким і недвозначним, коли йшлося про застосування запобіжних та обмежувальних заходів, наполягаючи на тому, що застосовує їх для регулювання поведінки людей з інтелектуальною недостатністю, яка може завдати шкоди їм або іншим особам. Дискусія і висновки. Відмінності у ставленні очевидні, оскільки деякі допоміжні працівники демонструють щиру повагу до добробуту та потенціалу людей із розумовими вадами, тоді як інші мають упереджене ставлення до них. Отримані дані підкреслюють необхідність подолання цих відмінностей у ставленні, щоб допоміжний персонал міг надавати високоякісний догляд та підтримку людям з інтелектуальними порушеннями.
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Посилання
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Deffew A., Coughlan B., Burke T., Rogers E. Staff member’s views and attitudes to supporting people with an intellectual disability: a multi‐method investigation of intimate relationships and sexuality. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2022. Vol. 35(4). P. 1049–1058.
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Embregts P. J., Negenman A., Habraken J. M., de Boer M. E., Frederiks B. J., Hertogh C. M. Restraint interventions in people with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities: Perspectives of support staff and family members. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2019. Vol. 32(1). P. 172–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12519
Fitton L., Jones D. R. Restraint of adults with intellectual disabilities: A critical review of the prevalence and characteristics associated with its use. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. 2020. 24(2). P. 268–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629518778695
Fylkesnes I. Institutional talk and practices: A journey into small group-homes for intellectually disabled children. Disability & Society. 2021. Vol. 36(6). P. 999–1020. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2020.1779037
Golding N. S., Rose J. Exploring the attitudes and knowledge of support workers towards individuals with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. 2015. Vol. 19(2). P. 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629514563777
Hannah A., Pelleboer-Gunnink, Wietske M. W. J. van Oorsouw, Jaap van Weeghel Petri J. C. M. Embregts. Stigma research in the field of intellectual disabilities: a scoping review on the perspective of care providers, International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 2021. Vol. 67(3). P. 168–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2019.1616990
Hermsen M., Simons R., van Veen H., Prudon A., Rooijackers L., Otten R., Koordeman R. Building high-quality interpersonal staff-client relationships with people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities and challenging behavior: Insights of professionals and relatives. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. 2024. Vol. 28(1). P. 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295221131443
Horner‐Johnson W., Keys C. B., Henry D., Yamaki K., Watanabe K., Oi F., ... Shimada H. Staff attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities in Japan and the United States. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2015. Vol. 59(10). P. 942–947. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12179
James J. S. Beliefs about intellectual disability among employees at a state facility and undergraduate students: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2019. Vol. 32(1). P. 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12501
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Опубліковано
2024-10-29
Сторінки
428-470
Як цитувати
Аніс М., & Нордін Н. А. (2024). Ставлення допоміжного персоналу до людей з інтелектуальними порушеннями, які перебувають під його опікою: системний огляд літератури. Інсайт: психологічні виміри суспільства, (12), 428-470. https://doi.org/10.32999/2663-970X/2024-12-5
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