Impact of Perceived Empathic Self-Efficacy on Perceived Social Self-Efficacy: a Cross-Sectional Study Among Prospective Health Workers
Keywords:
empathy, sociability, employees’ emotions, employees’ attitudes, employees’ behavior, healthcare
Abstract
In order to be successful in business life, emotional characteristics are also needed in addition to the specific physical characteristics required from employees. The empathic and social self-efficacy levels of healthcare professionals are important for job success in healthcare organizations. A highly empathic and social self-efficacy healthcare professional will deliver effective service by establishing good communication and approaching the patient by understanding their conditions. Similarly, since the emotional awareness of a healthcare professional with a high level of empathic and social self-efficacy will be high, coordination with colleagues will be easy. This study aims to measure the empathic and social self-efficacy perceptions that reveal the humanistic skills of students receiving education in the healthcare field and to create a resource by revealing the relationship between them. In this way, delivering health services, which is a team effort, will be easier and more harmonious, and the service’s success will increase. Methods. For the current study, a survey was applied to 374 healthcare professional candidates. The research objective was achieved by utilizing the “Perceived Empathic Self-efficacy and Social Self-efficacy Scale” as the primary assessment instrument. The data obtained in the study were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL programs. Results. Based on the findings, a positive and moderate relationship (r=0.58) was observed between perceived empathic and social self-efficacy. It is seen that empathic self-efficacy and social self-efficacy perceived by health worker candidates do not differ according to gender, class, and age variables. Discussion and Conclusions. Perceived empathic self-efficacy positively affects perceived social self-efficacy. It is seen that perceived empathic self-efficacy explains approximately 34% of the change in perceived social self-efficacy. Future research should expand on the relationship between empathy and social self-efficacy by including diverse professional groups and additional variables, such as emotion blindness or emotional intelligence. This will provide a deeper understanding of how these factors contribute to professional success.
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References
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Cabana-Mamani A., Ccalachua S., Morales-García W. C., Paredes-Saavedra M., Morales-García M. Self-efficacy and Emotional Intelligence as predictors of Work Engagement in Peruvian Health personnel. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología. 2024. Vol. 4. Р. 888. https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2024888
Castelino P. S., Mendonca T. L. The relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and empathy among nursing students – a pilot study (part 1). Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU. 2024. Vol. 14(02). Р. 219–223. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769584
Cuartero N., Tur A. M. Emotional intelligence, resilience and personality traits neuroticism and extraversion: predictive capacity in perceived academic efficacy. Nurse Education Today. 2021. Vol. 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104933
Deming D. J. The growing importance of social skills in the labor market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2017. Vol. 132(4). Р. 1593–1640. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx022
Di Giunta L., Eisenberg N., Kupfer A., Steca P., Tramontano C., Caprara G. V. Assessing perceived empathic and social self-efficacy across countries. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 2010. Vol. 26(2). Р. 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000012
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Dionigi A., Casu G., Gremigni P. Associations of self-efficacy, optimism, and empathy with psychological health in healthcare volunteers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. Vol. 17(16). Р. 6001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17166001
Edosomwan H. S., Oguegbe T. M., Nwanzu C. L., Joe-Akunne C. O. Relationship between Supportive Supervision and Empathic Behavior among Public Healthcare Professionals: The Mediating Role of Occupational Self-Efficacy. SEISENSE Business Review. 2021. Vol. 1(3). Р. 26–40. URL: https://journal.seisense.com/sbr/article/view/718
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Erozkan A. The effect of communication skills and interpersonal problem solving skills on social self-efficacy. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. 2013. Vol. 13(2). Р. 739–745. URL: https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2269438
Field A. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage Publications, 2013. URL: https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers?ReferenceID=2046660
Figueiredo E., Fonseca C., Paiva T. Self-efficacy and academic performance in higher education: a case study. European Public and Social Innovation Review. 2024. Vol. 9. Р. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-960
Fultz J., Batson C. D., Fortenbach V. A., McCarthy P. M., Varney L. L. Social evaluation and the empathy– altruism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986. Vol. 50(4). Р. 761–769. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.4.761
Giulia V., Giulia S., Paola F. Emotional intelligence, empathy and alexithymia: a cross-sectional survey on emotional competence in a group of nursing students. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis. 2019. Vol. 90(Sl 4). Р. 32. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v90i4-S.8273
Greco A., Annovazzi C., Palena N., Camussi E., Rossi G., Steca P. Self-efficacy beliefs of university students: Examining factor validity and measurement invariance of the new academic self-efficacy scale. Frontiers in psychology. 2022. Vol. 12. Р. 498824. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.498824
Güven Ş. D., Ünsal A. The relationship between levels of altruism, empathy and assertiveness in nursing students. Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu. 2019. Vol. 4(2). Р. 71–90. https://doi.org/10.21784/IwP.2019.010
Hair J. F., Black W. C., Babin B. J., Anderson R. E., Tatham R. L. Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Education Limited, 2013. URL: https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2863540
Hooper D., Coughlan J., Mullen M. R. Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic journal of business research methods. 2008. Vol. 6(1). Р. 53–60. URL: https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejbrm/article/view/1224
Huang L., Thai J., Zhong Y., Peng H., Koran J., Zhao X. D. The positive association between empathy and self-esteem in Chinese medical students: a multi-institutional study. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019. Vol. 10. Р. 1921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01921
Iwanaga K., Chen X., Bezyak J., Holmes C. M., Dotson-Hutto C., Hall D. Validation of the perceived empathic and social self-efficacy scale: a brief report. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 2023. Vol. 67(1). Р. 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/00343552211043260
İncesu O., Ulupınar S. The Relationship Between Attitudes Towards Academic Self-Efficacy and Self and Peer Assessment in Turkish Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nursing Open. 2024. Vol. 11(11). Р. e70094. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.70094
Kwiatkowska J. Emotional empathy and self-efficiency among medical faculty students (Doctoral dissertation, Department of Humanities and Social Medicine), 2023. URL: https://ppm.umlub.pl/info/phd/UML09d4d50ab6ea42b2a2719135eeefb857/
Levantini V., Gelati C., Camodeca M. Defending behavior in school bullying: the role of empathic self-efficacy, social preference, and student-teacher relationship. Social Psychology of Education. 2024. Vol. 27(4). Р. 2015–2029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-024-09892-5
Liu F., Liu S., Xia L., Pang R., Zhou H. Medical narrative competency, empathy, and self-efficacy among senior medical undergraduates in China: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Medical Education. 2025. Vol. 25(1). Р. 1088. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07378-2
Liu H., Zhang L., Yan J., Huang H., Yi Q., Peng L. The Relationship between social support, empathy, self-efficacy, and humanistic practice ability among clinical nurses in China: A structural equation model. Journal of Nursing Management. 2023. Vol. 1. Р. 1378278. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1378278
Lumish R., Simpkins S., Black J., Whittaker C. F. Fostering empathy and self-efficacy in pharmacy students through service learning. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning. 2022. Vol. 14(4). Р. 536–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2022.03.002
Mehralian G., Yusefi A. R., Dastyar N., Bordbar S. Communication competence, self-efficacy, and spiritual intelligence: evidence from nurses. BMC nursing. 2023. Vol. 22(1). Р. 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01262-4
Meydan H., Şeşen H. Structural equation modeling AMOS applications. Detay Publishing, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757421
Oji N., Onyeka T., Soyannwo O., Paal P., Elsner F. Perspectives, perceived self-efficacy, and preparedness of newly qualified physicians’ in practising palliative care – a qualitative study. BMC palliative care. 2022. Vol. 21(1). Р. 141. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-022-01028-w
Orr F. I Know how it Feels: A Voice-Hearing Simulation to Enhance Nursing Students’ Empathy and Self-Efficacy (Doctoral dissertation, University of Technology Sydney (Australia)), 2017. URL: https://scispace.com/pdf/i-know-how-it-feels-a-voice-hearing-simulation-to-enhance- ny7hrcsqq8.pdf
Pan I., Yen P., Liu Y. H. Exploring the Self-efficacy and Its Influencing Factors of University Nursing Students in Taiwan during the Clinical Practicum. Journal of Comprehensive Nursing Research and Care. 2024. Vol. 9(1). Р. 198. https://doi.org/10.33790/jcnrc1100198
Pazar B., Demiralp M., Erer İ. The communication skills and the empathic tendency levels of nursing students: a cross-sectional study. Contemporary nurse. 2017. Vol. 53(3). Р. 368–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2017.1359101
Santi E. A., Gorghiu G., Pribeanu C. Perceived Self- Efficacy and Course Satisfaction in Students Preparing for Teaching Careers. Problems of Education in the 21st Century. 2023. Vol. 81(5). Р. 687–701. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/23.81.687
Schumacker R. E., Lomax R. G. A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Psychology Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410610904
Sekaran U. Research Methods for Business. Canada: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1992. URL: https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2636008
Sharafkhani R., Nukpezah R. N., Lathabhavan R., Kallmen H., Fournier A., Hosseini Marznaki, Z. Factors that affect levels of alexithymia, empathy and communication skills of nursing students in northern Iran. Nursing open. 2023. Vol. 10(6). Р. 3936–3945. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1652
Song J., Su Y., Jiang Z., Zhang Y., Liu J., Chen C. The effect of interpersonal sensitivity on the interpersonal skills of undergraduate nursing students: The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and subjective well-being. BMC nursing. 2025. Vol. 24(1). Р. 353. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-02954-9
Sümer N. Structural equation models: Basic concepts and sample applications. Turkish Psychology Articles. 2000. Vol. 3(6). Р. 49–74. URL: https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2106176
van Wingerden E., Sterkenburg P. S., Wouda M. Improving empathy and self-efficacy in caregivers of persons with intellectual disabilities, using m-learning (HiSense APP- ID): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018. Vol. 19. Р. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2772-7
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Published
2025-11-19
Pages
158-179
How to Cite
Arslan A., & Atak İfakat. (2025). Impact of Perceived Empathic Self-Efficacy on Perceived Social Self-Efficacy: a Cross-Sectional Study Among Prospective Health Workers . Insight: The Psychological Dimensions of Society, (14), 158-179. https://doi.org/10.32999/2663-970X/2025-14-8
Section
MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY
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