Relationship between Reflection and Decision-Making in Young People
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32999/2663-970X/2025-13-11Keywords:
decision-making, stages of reflection, spheres of personality, psychological structure of reflection, new formations of youth, vigilance, creativityAbstract
The purpose of the study is to determine the nature and significance of the correlation between reflection and decision-making in young people. Methods. Empirical: the questionnaire “Style of Behavioral Self-Regulation” (Yevdokimova & Kobylko, 2023), the questionnaire “Ability to Self-Control” (Yevdokimova & Kobylko, 2023), D. Raven’s progressive matrices scale (Lemak & Petryshche, 2012), the test “Creativity” (Lemak & Petryshche, 2012), “Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire” (Petrovska, 2021), the methodology “Research of Volitional Organization of Personality” (Lemak & Petryshche, 2012); methods of statistical analysis: elucidation of the law of normal distribution, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results. Psychological structures of reflection and decision-making are presented at three levels of their organization (the general level, the level of structural components, and the level of individual indicators). Several intermediate hypotheses about the presence and nature of the manifestation of the correlation between these processes were formulated and the corresponding indicators of strength and nature of the correlation at the level of organization of individual indicators and structural components at the general level were recorded. It has been established that a particular characteristic in the examination of highly integrated decision-making and reflection processes is the enhanced correlation observed as the synthetic level of the studied processes increases (progressing from specific indicators to general dimensions). Discussion and Conclusions. The assumption about a stable correlation between the processes of reflection and decision-making in young people at all levels of organization of the studied phenomena was confirmed. The level of the study of individual indicators revealed the ability “to describe the situation/event adequately and determine the main one and describe one’s thoughts and feelings” and the ability “to answer the search questions and be aware of the conditions of the situation in which this happens” have the highest level of the relationship with the decision-making process. The examination of the components of the researched processes revealed that thephases of experience review and reflective result possess a significant level of correlation with the cognitive and volitional domains of the individual involved in the decision-making process. The recorded results open the prospect of studies on the influence of reflection on the decision-making process in young people.
Downloads
References
Bedford N. J., David A. S. Denial of illness in schizophrenia as a disturbance of self-reflection, self-perception and insight. Schizophrenia research. 2014. Vol. 152(1). P. 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.006
Blynova O., Derevianko S., Ivanova O., Popovych I., Estay Sepulveda J. G. Professional relevance of potential labor emigrants. Revista Notas Históricas y Geográficas. 2022. Vol. 29. P. 88–106. https://www.revistanotashistoricasygeograficas.cl/index.php/nhyg/article/view/435
Brown J. D., Brown M. A. Self-reflection and feelings of self-worth: When Rosenberg meets Heisenberg. Journal of experimental social psychology. 2011. Vol. 47(6). P. 1269–1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.019
Bucknell K. J., Kangas M., Crane M. F. Adaptive self-reflection and resilience: the moderating effects of rumination on insight as a mediator. Personality and individual differences. 2022. Vol. 185. P. 111234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111234
Chalmers D. J. The conscious mind: in search of a fundamental theory (philosophy of mind series). Oxford University Press, USA, 1997. 432 p. URL: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-conscious-mind-9780195117899?cc=ua&lang=en&
Dimaggio G., Lysaker P., Carcione A., Nicolò G., Semerari A. Know yourself and you shall know the other... to a certain extent: multiple paths of influence of self-reflection on mindreading. Consciousness and cognition. 2008. Vol. 17, no. 3. P. 778–789. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.02.005
Donovan S. J., Güss C. D., Naslund D. Improving dynamic decision making through training and self-reflection. Judgment and decision making. 2015. Vol. 10(4). P. 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500005118
Fischhoff B., Broomell S. B. Judgment and decision making. Annual review of psychology. 2020. Vol. 71(1). P. 331–355. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050747
Gonzalez C. Decision-making: a cognitive science perspective. The oxford handbook of cognitive science. Oxford, 2017. P. 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199842193.013.6
Heyler S., Armenakis A., Walker A., Collier D. A qualitative study investigating the ethical decision making process: a proposed model. The leadership quarterly. 2016. Vol. 27, no. 5. P. 788–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.05.003
Imani E., Harati A., Pourreza H., Goudarzi M. Brain-behavior relationships in the perceptual decision-making process through cognitive processing stages. Neuropsychologia. 2021. Vol. 155. P. 107821. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107821
Koole S., Dornan T., Aper L., Scherpbier A., Valcke M., Cohen-Schotanus J., DereseA. Factors confounding the assessment of reflection: a critical review. BMC medical education. 2011. Vol. 11, no. 1. P. 1–9. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-11-104
Короход Я. Д. Психологічні чинники прийняття рішень. Psychological journal. 2020. No 6. С. 164–172. https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.3.16
Kvasková L., Almenara C. A. Time perspective and career decision-making self-efficacy: a longitudinal examination among young adult students. Journal of career development. 2019. P. 089484531984729. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845319847292
Лемак М., Петрище В. Психологу для роботи: діагностичні методики. Ужгород: Вид-во Олександри Гаркуші, 2012. 616 с. URL: https://wp.nmc-pto.rv.ua/DOK/MZPsSl/Psyhologu_dla_roboty.pdf
Marin K. A., Shkreli A. An examination of trauma narratives: narrative rumination, self-reflection, and identity in young adulthood. Journal of adolescence. 2019. Vol. 76(1). P. 139–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.08.007
Marquez-Ramos F., Alarcon D., Amian J., Fernandez-Portero C., Arenilla-Villalba M., Sanchez-Medina J. Risk decision making and executive function among adolescents and young adults. Behavioral sciences. 2023. Vol. 13, no. 2. P. 142. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020142
Müller S., Wendt L., Spitzer C., Masuhr O., Back S., Zimmermann J. A critical evaluation of the reflective functioning questionnaire (RFQ). Journal of personality assessment. 2021. P. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.1981346
Newman D. B., Nezlek J. B. Private self-consciousness in daily life: relationships between rumination and reflection and well-being, and meaning in daily life. Personality and individual differences. 2019. Vol. 136. P. 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.039
Новик Л. М., Маляр О. І. Провідні психологічні чинники розвитку суб’єктності в юнацькому віці. Науковий часопис Національного педагогічного університету імені М. П. Драгоманова. 2016. No 4(49). С. 170–177. URL: http://enpuir.npu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12631
Обискалов І. С. Методичний інструментарій дослідження процесів рефлексії та ухвалення рішень. Слобожанський науковий вісник. серія: психологія. 2024. No 1. С. 126–132. URL: https://doi.org/10.32782/psyspu/2024.1.22
Психологія прийняття рішень : навч.-метод. рек. / уклад. І. Р. Петровська. Львів : Львів. нац. ун-т ім. Ів. Франка, 2021. 42 с. URL: https://filos.lnu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Psykholohiia-pryyniattia-rishennia_Metodychni_rekomendatsii_2021-2022_OPP_2019.pdf
Philippi C. L., Koenigs M. The neuropsychology of self-reflection in psychiatric illness. Journal of psychiatric research. 2014. Vol. 54. P. 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.004
Поліщук В. М. Психологія переживань вікових криз у підлітковому і юнацькому віці : дис. ... д-ра психол. наук : 19.00.07. Київ, 2013. 522 с. URL: https://nrat.ukrintei.ua/b/?temaSearch1=Психологія+переживань+вікових+криз+у+підлітковому+і+юнацькому+віці&typeSearch1=1&tab=small
Помиткіна Л. В. Психологічні механізми переживання особистості у процесі прийняття стратегічних життєвих рішень. Проблеми сучасної психології. 2016. No 31. С. 341–354. URL: https://journals.uran.ua/index.php/2227-6246/article/view/157889/157183
Popovych I., Blynova O., Savchuk O., Halian I. Self-efficacy of future athletes with different levels of psychological safety. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2020. Vol. 20(5). P. 2718–2724. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.05370
Popovych I., Hudimova A., Bokhonkova Yu., Savchuk O., Hoian I., Shevchenko N. Dispositional Mental States of Internally Displaced University Teachers Under Martial Law: Gender Differences. Journal of Education Culture and Society. 2023a. Vol. 14(2). P. 171–187. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2023.2.171.181
Popovych I., Shevchenko N., Raievska Ya., Myshchyshyn M., Hoian I., Yakovleva S., Los O. Operationalization of physical work ability of young athletes in terms of psychological well-being. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2023b. Vol. 23(6). P. 1456–1464. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.06178
Prezenski S., Brechmann A., Wolff S., Russwinkel N. A Cognitive Modeling Approach to Strategy Formation in Dynamic Decision Making. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017. Vol. 8. 1335. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01335
Санніков О. І. Когнiтивнi чинники прийняття рiшень особистiстю. Науковий вiсник Херсонського державного унiверситету. 2020. No3. С.38–46. https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2020-3-5
Sapolsky R. M. Determined: a science of life without free will. New York, USA: Penguin Publishing Group, 2023. 511 p. URL: https://philpapers.org/rec/SAPDAS-3
Шевченко Н., Обискалов І. Змістовні компоненти процесу ухвалення рішень: поняття, психологічна структура та чинники. Psychological journal. 2023. Т. 9, No 4. С. 7–18. URL: https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2023.9.4.1
Широких А. О. Психологічні чинники життєвого проектування в юнацькому віці : дис. ... д-ра філософії в галузі психології : 19.00.07. Рівне, 2020. 223 с. URL: https://nrat.ukrintei.ua/searchdoc/0820U100288/
Smallwood J., Schooler J., Turk D., Cunningham S., Burns P., Macrae С. Self-reflection and the temporal focus of the wandering mind. Consciousness and cognition. 2011. Vol. 20(4). P. 1120–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.12.017
Söllner A., Bröder A., Glöckner A., Betsch T. Single-process versus multiple-strategy models of decision making: evidence from an information intrusion paradigm. Acta psychologica. 2014. Vol. 146. P. 84–96. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.12.007
Stefan C. A., Cheie L. Self-compassion and social anxiety in late adolescence: contributions of self-reflection and insight. Self and identity. 2020. P. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2020.1861082
Степура Є. В. Ціннісно-смислові чинники прийняття рішень особистістю в умовах невизначеності : автореф. дис. ... канд. психол. наук : 19.00.01. Київ, 2016. 21 с. URL: http://psychology-naes-ua.institute/files/pdf/avtoreferat_stepura_1462349480.pdf
Takano K., Tanno Y. Self-rumination, self-reflection, and depression: self-rumination counteracts the adaptive effect of self-reflection. Behaviour research and therapy. 2009. Vol. 47(3). P. 260–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.008
Trapnell P. D., Campbell J. D. Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1999. Vol. 76(2). P. 284–304. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.284
Van Seggelen-Damen I., Van Hezewijk R., Helsdingen A., Wopereis I. Reflection: A Socratic approach. Theory & psychology. 2017. Vol. 27, no. 6. P. 793–814. URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354317736388
Vavra P., Galvan E., Sanfey A. G. Moral Decision-Making in context: behavioral and neural processes underlying allocations based on need, merit, and equality. Cortex. 2024. Vol. 177. P. 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.03.015
Wain A. Learning through reflection. British journal of midwifery. 2017. Vol. 25(10). P. 662–666. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2017.25.10.662
Wang Y., Ruhe G. The cognitive process of decision making. International journal of cognitive informatics and natural intelligence. 2007. Vol. 1(2). P. 73–85. https://doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2007040105
Євдокімова О., Кобилко Н. Психодіагностичні матеріали. В допомогу психологу поліції. частина 1. Харків: Факт, 2023. 136 с. URL: https://dspace.univd.edu.ua/items/8d036828-0813-4e21-96f4-51fbb205d466
Yilmaz S., Kafadar H. Decision-making under stress: executive functions, analytical intelligence, somatic markers, and personality traits in young adults. Applied neuropsychology: adult. 2022. P. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2022.2122829
ZhengYa., YiW., Cheng J., LiQ. Common and distinct electrophysiological correlates of feedback processing during risky and ambiguous decision making. Neuropsychologia. 2020. Vol. 146. P. 107526. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107526
Zhu X., Gu R., Wu H., Luo Y. Self-reflection modulates the outcome evaluation process: Evidence from an ERP study. International journal of psychophysiology. 2015. Vol. 98(3). P. 389–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.001
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with scientific journal agree to the following terms:
• All scientific papers may be freely copied and distributed on any medium and in any format, provided that the references to the initial data of the scientific work are indicated.
• Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed Creative Commons Attribution License .
• Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non- exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (institutional repository, your website, monograph), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
