Insight: the psychological dimensions of society

Editor’s Preface

Ihor Popovych — 2023-11-03

Editor’s Preface

Psychometric Properties of the Scale “5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination”: Ukrainian Sample

Ivan Danyliuk — 2023-11-03

Despite the critical situation in Ukraine caused by the russian military invasion, the issue of vaccination remains a priority both during and after the war. Accordingly, attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination are a key aspect for understanding the vaccination issue in general. The purpose of this study is to adapt and validate the Ukrainian version of the “5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination” scale, an instrument designed to measure psychological prerequisites for vaccination, and to investigate its psychometric properties in a Ukrainian sample. Methods. Validation was performed on a sample of 392 respondents. The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed using Cronbach's alpha (to determine the measure of internal consistency), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and correlation analysis with the “Multidimensional Health Locus of Control” (MHLC) scales. Results. Cronbach’s alpha values for the five subscales ranged from .65 to .84, indicating satisfactory to good internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in a four-factor solution. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the five-factor model was confirmed (according to the comparative fit index (CFI>.95), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI>.95), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA>.05/RMSEA<. 08), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR<.08)), which corresponds to the original scale “5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination” and includes the subscales “Confidence”, “Complacency”, “Constraint”, “Calculation”, “Collective Responsibility”. The correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between the “5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination” scale and the “Multidimensional Health Locus of Control” (MHLC) scales, which confirms their convergent and discriminant validity. Discussion and conclusions. The Ukrainian version of the “5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination” scale demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, namely internal consistency, factor structure, convergent and discriminant validity. The Ukrainian version of the “5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination” scale can be used to conduct research on a Ukrainian sample.

Personal Dispositions as a Determinant of Coping Strategy Selection in Difficult Circumstances

Khrystyna Stelmashchuk — 2023-11-03

The purpose of the publication was to determine personal dispositions, which are basic traits and types of character accentuations that encourage a person to use specific coping strategies. Methods include theoretical analysis of scientific literature, mathematical and statistical data processing, and interpretive methods for explaining the investigated phenomena based on qualitative and quantitative research material analysis. Results. It was discovered that individuals with a high level of conscientiousness prefer planning strategies and assertive actions. People who lack goodwill and friendliness in their interpersonal relationships are prone to confrontational and avoidance coping. Individuals with a hyperthymic type of character accentuation, who show a tendency to confrontation, search for social support, problem-solving planning, positive reappraisal, assertive actions, antisocial actions, and do not show a tendency to avoidance, were found to have the most diverse repertoire of coping strategies. It was determined that the narrowest one was with rigid (tendency to confrontation) and pedantic accentuations (tendency to careful activities). It was proven that the selection of a constructive problemfocused coping strategy of planning when dealing with problems and an aggressive coping strategy depends on the hyperthymic type of accentuation. Discussion and conclusions. It was highlighted that the excitable type of accentuation is stimulated the selection of a nonconstructive problem-focused confrontation strategy and a non-constructive emotionally focused avoidance strategy. The emotional type of accentuation activates the selection of constructive emotionally focused strategies for finding social support, establishing social interactions, and positive reappraisal. It was summarized that basic personality traits and the type of character accentuation determine the predisposition to constructive/non-constructive problematic and emotionally oriented coping strategies. It was discovered that the choice of coping strategies depends on personal dispositions. The findings obtained allow for the prediction of a person's behavior in challenging situations, taking into consideration their personality traits and type of character accentuation. This may assist in the development of effective techniques of psychological assistance and behavioral correction.

Ukrainian Adaptation of the Brief-COPE Questionnaire

Tetiana Yablonska — 2023-11-03

The purpose of the research was to adapt the Brief-COPE (Carver et al., 1997) into Ukrainian. In the currentconditions of military aggression, it is increasinglyimportant to study its consequences for the mentalhealth of millions of Ukrainians, in particular, to investigate strategies for overcoming stress, which willallow developing effective methods of psychologicalassistance. The Ukrainian version of the Brief-COPE(Carver et al., 1997), which is widely used worldwide,will give the opportunity to use it practically in psychodiagnostics,as well as the possibility of conductingcomparative studies. Methods. The Brief-COPEquestionnaire was translated from English into Ukrainianby two bilingual psychologists using the reversetranslation method. The study sample consistedof 192 respondents aged 17 to 44 years (M=23.12,SD=6.32), mostly students and young working adults.The survey was conducted through the online serviceGoogle Forms. The respondents were offered a situationalversion of the methodology; the retest took place10-45 days after the test. Also, the respondents wereoffered the Stress Coping Inventory (SVF120, Jankeet al, 1985) in the adaptation of N. Vodopianova. Thedata were analyzed using statistical data processingpackages SPSS, JAMOVI; the following methods wereused: descriptive statistics, scale reliability analysis,confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factoranalysis (EFA) and correlation analysis (Spearman'scoefficient). Reliability was investigated onthe basis of Cronbach’s model with the calculationof the alpha coefficient of consistency. Results. Theresults of the study indicate a fairly good consistencyof the data obtained with the basic theoretical modelof the methodology, with the exception of some scales,which correspond to the data of foreign studies oncertain controversy of the factor structure of the Brief-COPE. The content validity test revealed a significantnumber of strong correlations. A high level of test-retestreliability of the adapted tool has been revealed.The results of the obtained data are compared withthe data of foreign studies using Brief-COPE. Discussionand conclusions. The test of the psychometriccharacteristics of the Ukrainian version of the BriefCOPE inventory (Carver, 1997) showed a fairly highinternal validity and reliability of the adapted methodology.Thus, it can be argued that the Ukrainian versionof the Brief COPE inventory (Carver, 1997) can be usedin studies to measure an individual’s coping behavior.

Results of Adaptation of the Methodology for Studying the Acculturation of Migrants by J. Berry on the Ukrainian Sample

Yaryna Andrushko — 2023-11-03

The article highlights the modern approach to the studyof acculturation processes on the example of Ukrainianforced migrants. The purpose of the study is to adaptthe English version of the Acculturation Questionnaireby J. Berry to Ukrainian. Methods. The translationof acculturation methods from English into Ukrainianwas carried out with the participation of two independentexperts who helped to translate and evaluatethe quality of the final version of the methodology.The study involved 502 respondents, migrants fromUkraine, who currently reside in the United Statesdue to war. The survey was conducted on the basisof RedCap. Results. Correlation analysis revealedleading indicators, with the highest correlation coefficientsbeing observed for the “integral safety indicator”and various safety subcategories (r=.807, p < .01; r=.767, p < .01; r=.787, p < .01). The internal consistencyof the questionnaire ranged from α=.793 for“sociocultural maladaptation” to α=0.934 for the “integralsafety indicator”, with a test-retest reliability coefficientof (r = .815, p < .01). Factor analysis of the dataidentified four factors, with the strongest factor containingindicators of acculturation strategies (marginalization,separation). The second factor combineddepression level, sociocultural maladaptation, life satisfaction,and anxiety level. The third factor includedcomponents related to cultural, economic, and physicalsecurity. Finally, the fourth factor consisted of a singlecomponent-self-satisfaction. Construct validity wasassessed by correlating acculturation indicators withscales from other psychodiagnostic methods, showingcausal relationships with indicators of acculturation.Discussion and conclusions. Summarizing the resultsof adapting J. Berry’s acculturation methodology, it isimportant to note that the Ukrainian-adapted versionof this methodology exhibits high psychometric characteristics,such as validity and reliability. This makesits use possible in future studies of acculturation processesamong Ukrainian migrants.

Psycholinguistic Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation of Educational Activity

Oleksiy Chebykin — 2023-11-03

The purpose of the research is aimedat revealing the leading psycholinguistic mechanismscharacterising the relationship between thinkingand speaking actions and motivational and emotionalmanifestations in the process of emotion regulationof an individual’s educational activity. The researchobjects are psycholinguistic features of thinkingand speaking actions and motivational manifestationsin the cognitive activity of an individual. Theresearch subjects are psycholinguistic mechanismsof the interaction between thinking and speakingactions and motivational and emotional manifestationsin the conception of emotion regulation of educationalactivity. Results. It was revealed that motivationaland goal-oriented components as well as emotional experiences that accompany and regulate thisprocess play an important role in the manifestationof psycholinguistic mechanisms of thinking and speakingactions of an individual in various types of cognitiveactivity. Certain features of their interaction werefound, taking into account different phases of cognitiveactivity. The characteristics of psycholinguisticmechanisms in cognitive activity, which served asthe basis for the analysis of emotion regulationof educational activity at the levels of searching forgeneralized thinking and speaking actions alongsidesolving educational tasks aimed at the developmentof students’ theoretical thinking, were described.A complex of emotional and communicative methodsand tasks that ensure emotion regulation were given.Discussion and conclusions. A list of simple emotionsand complex cognitive emotional-sensory experienceswhich accompany speaking and thinking actionsand perform various functions taking into accountthe development of the process targeted to solvingan educational task (surprise, curiosity, inquisitiveness,joy, satisfaction, guesswork, interest, disappointment,indifference, etc.) was compiled. It was shown thatsurprise and curiosity are important at the first stage;curiosity and inquisitiveness – at the second stage;interest and joy – at the third stage. The leading emotionprovokingsituations (emotional triggers) and effectswhich can be most favourable at each of the stageswere given (“brightness” and “unexpectedness”to create the effect of “novelty” – at the first stage;“dramatization” to create the “empathy” effect –at the second stage; “complications”, “encouragement”and other ones to create the “inspiration”effect – at the third stage). A conceptual modelof psycholinguistic mechanisms of the interactionof motives, experiences and intellectual-speech actionsof emotion regulation of educational activity was built,taking into account the stages of its deployment whensolving an educational task.

Personal Predictors of Future Teachers’ Tolerance of Uncertainty

Ihor Halian — 2023-11-03

The purpose of the research is to analyze the predictorsthat forecast the emergence of tolerance of uncertaintyas future teachers’ integral personal trait. Methods: MultipleStimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance-1 (MSTAT-1)McLain (adapted by E. Osin), which diagnoses toleranceof uncertainty; linear multiple regression to determinethe effect of various predictors on the dependent variable.The total research sample consisted of 72 futureteachers of the “Primary Education” specialty. The sampleis homogeneous, formed randomly. Results. Therole of various predictors in the formation of futureteachers’ tolerance of uncertainty is shown. Semi-partialcorrelation (correlation of components) as an elementof multiple regression analysis proved that “attitude touncertain situations” (r = .532, p≤.01; R2 = .283 (28.0%of the explained variance)) and “preference for uncertainty”r = -.447; p≤.01; R2 = .199 (20.0%)) are dominant in explaining the variability of the dependent variable“tolerance of uncertainty”. Predictors of “attitude to novelty”(r = .376; p≤.01; R2 = .141 (14.0%)) and “attitudeto complex tasks” (r = .340; p≤.01; R2 = .115 (12.0%))although they have a statistically significant correlation,the strength of its connection and the percentageof explained dispersion are smaller than in thosedescribed above. Discussion and conclusions. Toleranceis an integral characteristic of a person, whichinvolves acceptance of the individuality of another personand one’s own personality. An average with a tendencyto low level of manifestation of tolerance of uncertaintywas diagnosed in higher education graduates inthe pedagogical field. This is the result of lack of futureteachers’ experience of interaction with uncertaintyand overcoming difficulties caused by it. The resultsof the multiple regression analysis proved that such predictorsas “attitude to uncertain situations” and “preferencefor uncertainty” had the greatest influence onthe expression of tolerance of uncertainty.

Operationalization of Temporality of Future Professionals in the Field of Socionomics in the Dimensions of Psychological Well-being

Nataliia Zavatskа — 2023-11-03

The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate and empirically operationalize temporality of future professionals in the field of socionomics in the dimensions of psychological well-being. The purpose and hypothesis entail the following important tasks of the research: to find statistically significant differences of the research parameters between the samples of undergraduate students (seeking a Bachelor’s degree) and postgraduate students (seeking a Master’s degree); to establish statistically significant correlations of temporality with independent variables; to compare the samples of the respondents of an optimal profile (Group II) and the respondents of a general profile (Group I). Methods: theoretical – analysis, generalization and comparison; empirical – the questionnaire “Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory” (ZTPI) (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999), adapted by О. Senyk (2012); the questionnaire “The scales of psychological well-being” (SPW) (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) adapted by S. Karskanova (2011); the average score of the students’ academic performance was calculated using ECTS (a 100-point scale). Results. It was found that undergraduates (Group I) have a significant advantage only by one parameter – “future” (F) (U=612.000; p=.003). A correlation matrix was created. Ten significant correlations (р≤.05; р≤.01) of the parameters of time perspective with independent variables were registered. The total sample was divided into two groups: an optimal profile (Group 2) and a general profile (Group 1). An expected advantage of an optimal profile was registered by four scales: “life purpose” (t = 3.12; р < .010), “positive relationships” (t = 2.42; р < .050), “level of psychological well-being” (t = 2.21; р < .050) and “average score of academic performance” (t = 2.45; р < .050). Discussion and сonclusions. It was explained that a statistically significant advantage of the sample of undergraduates over the sample of postgraduates by the positive future (PF) (U=612.000; p>.010) is a high level of optimistic intentions in life perspective, a lack of negative or any other experience of practical activity and belief in one’s own success. It was substantiated that a life purpose in an optimal profile is a major dimension which has the highest level of a statistically significant difference (р < .010) in comparison with a general profile. It was generalized that operationalization of temporality of future professionals in the field of socionomics in the dimensions of psychological well-being possesses scientific novelty, and the obtained empirical data should be taken into consideration by organizers of educational process at universities.

Interrelation of Communicative Speech Competence and Prosocial Behavior of Students

Oksana Chaikovska — 2023-11-03

The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical analysis of the influence of communicative speech competence on the development of prosocial behavior of future specialists in the field of sociology. The purpose of the research is to study the interrelation between the level of development of communicative speech competence and prosocial behavior of students. Methods used in the study: analysis of scientific sources, observations, surveys to determine the level of development of communicative competence and prosocial behavior, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The peculiarities of the development of communicative control in communication, the level of communicative competence, speech competence, the level of empathic abilities, prosocial tendencies of professional competencies of students at different stages of study: the first year (the stage of entering the profession) and the sixth year of study (obtaining a complete higher education) are revealed in the course of the research. The findings demonstrate a positive correlation between the level of communicative speech training among the first-year students and their indicators of empathic abilities and altruistic tendencies in prosocial behavior. Moreover, an inverse relationship was observed between the level of communicative speech training and the inclination towards conformity and compliance. Among the master’s students, a positive association is evident between enhanced communicative speech training and heightened levels of empathy and compliant prosocial tendencies. Conversely, an inverse relationship is observed between communicative speech training and emotionality and altruism, as well as a reduced inclination towards providing assistance to individuals in need of emotional support and selfless charitable help. Statistically significant differences in the level of communicative speech competence and the development of empathic tendencies are identified between the firstyear and sixth-year student groups, with the latter exhibiting higher levels. Discussion and conclusions. It is argued that raising the level of communicative characteristics of socionomic students significantly influences the manifestation of prosocial tendencies. It is suggested that the educational training of socionomic professionals does not entirely bridge the existing gap between personal and professional development of students. The identified influence of the development of communicative speech competence on the formation of socionomic students’ prosocial behavior points to the necessity of further research on the development of the communicative speech component in the training of psychologists and social workers.

Future Socionomic Specialists’ Dispositional Self-development

Oksana Los — 2023-11-03

The purpose was to conduct empirical research and theoretically substantiate the correlation between the parameters of dispositional self-development of future specialists of the socioeconomic profile and the factors of professional growth. It is substantiated and generalized that dispositional self-development is the readiness and inclination of future specialists of the socionomic profile to self-education, self-creation, and self-improvement, which is capable of ensuring permanent professional growth and professional development. Participants of the empirical study are seekers of three academic degrees (Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctor of Philosophy) studying at three Ukrainian higher education institutions, and are future socioeconomic specialists. The age of the research participants ranged from 17 to 32 years (M=21.06; Me=21.00; SD=5.84), with a total of n=132. Methods: “Dispositional Characteristics of Personality Self-Development” (DCPSD) (Kuzikova, 2017); “Personal Orientation Inventory” (РОІ) (Shostrom, 1964); “The Method of Diagnosing the Individual’s Motivation to Achieve Success and Avoid Failure” (MDIMASAF) (Elers, 2002); methods of mathematical statistics. Results. In the comparison of low, medium, and high levels of dispositional self-development parameters, no statistically significant differences were found (р>.05). It was discovered that the dispositional self-development parameters “Need for Self-Development”, “Conditions of Self-Development”, and “Mechanisms of Self-Development” had statistically significant correlations with the parameters of self-actualization and motivation to achieve success (р<.050; р<.010). When compared to other parameters, it is proved that the “Need of Self-Development” (NSD) was a reflection of the phenomenon’s cognitive intentions and was the most important parameter of the respondents’ dispositional self-development (nine significant correlations – the greatest number). Discussion and сonclusions. It was substantiated and proven that dispositional self-development is an important component of future specialists’ self-actualization, self-education, and quality professional training. The scientific findings should be applied in educational and professional activities.

Research of Types of Learned Helplessness of Future Specialists in Foreign Philology

Yuliia Bokhonkova — 2023-11-03

The purpose is to conduct empirical research and theoretically substantiate the types of learned helplessness of future specialists in foreign philology in the context of educational and professional training. The respondents of the empirical research are graduates of the final years of study: students of the fourth year – Bachelor’s degree seekers and students of the second year – Master’s degree seekers, the total number of 432 individuals (M=24.23; SD=±3.08; Me=24; Mo=22). The respondents were majoring in a single or double specialty. Methods. Valid and reliable psychodiagnostic tools that have been adapted and tested were used: “Attributional Style Questionnaire” (ASQ) (Peterson et al., 1982); Ehlers’ questionnaire “Motivation for Achieving Success and Avoiding Failures” (MASAF) (Elers, 2002); the questionnaire “Level of subjective control” (LSC) (Bazhin et al., 1984); Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) (Zung, 1965). Results. The provided descriptive statistics confirms that there are no statistically significant differences between the obtained empirical data and the results of similar measurements. Eighteen statistically significant correlations (р<.050; р<.010) of attributive style parameters with independent variables were found: motivation for achieving success, motivation for avoiding failures, level of depression, level of subjective control in educational and professional activities, areas of success, areas of failure. It was established that the level of depression (LD) has the strongest correlations with the attributional style scales: permanence of the bad (R=.189; p<.010), pervasiveness of the bad (R=.221; p<.010) and personalization of the bad (R =.185; p<.010), which gave grounds to consider depressive states as the most dangerous in the formation of learned helplessness. Cluster analysis using the k-means method revealed four types of learned helplessness of future specialists in foreign philology: “Depressive learned helplessness” (cluster 1, n=31; 13.36%), “Avoidant learned helplessness” (cluster 2, n=75; 32.33%), “Optimistic learned helplessness” (cluster 3, n=68; 29.31%), “Uncontrolled learned helplessness” (cluster 4, n=58; 25.00%). Discussion and сonclusions. It was substantiated that the types of learned helplessness are personal formations that were manifested in a high level of depression, the dominance of pessimistic parameters of the attributional style of behavior, a high level of motivation for avoiding failures, a low level of motivation for achieving success, and low/lack of subjective control of the events of educational and professional activities. The appropriateness of implementing the obtained results in the educational and scientific processes of training future specialists in the socionomic profile was empirically clarified and theoretically substantiated.

Research on Students’ Representations about Professional Success: Emotions and Values

Natalia Nazarenko — 2023-11-03

The purpose of the research is to identify dominant valuesin students’ representations about professional success;determine correlations of the emotions of joy, angerand fear with the values of professional success of studentsfrom Ukraine. Methods: a survey conducted by meansof the method “Identification of an individual’s life values”or “Must-test” (Ivanov, Kolobova, 1992); the method forexamining personal emotional features (Olshannikova,Rabinovich, 1974) was used to establish the levelof an individual’s inclination toward experiencing the threebasic emotions: fear, anger and joy. The obtained datawere analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearsoncorrelation coefficient. Results. It was found that dignity(19.84%), personal development (14.51%) and taking careof others (8.21%) are dominant values in the students’ representations. The findings confirmed a significantpositive correlation between the emotions of angerand fear and the identified value categories: dignity, takingcare of others, safety and financial security. It was foundthat all the value categories of students have a statisticallysignificant correlation except the category of recognitionwhich has no significant correlation with other valuesof the respondents. It was established that the categoryof dignity has a positive correlation with taking careof others that is the only category which has a significantcorrelation with the category war theme. A negativesignificant correlation between the emotion of joyand the value category of recognition was determined.Discussion and сonclusions. It was proved that dignity,personal development and taking care of others aredominant values in the students’ representations aboutprofessional success. It was found that the categoryof recognition has the lowest index 1.16% in the students’representations about professional success. Statisticallysignificant correlations between the emotions of anger,fear and joy and the value categories of the students’representations were substantiated.

Theoretical and Methodological Model of Downshifting as an Alternative Resource of Self-Realization of a Successful Person in Dimensions of Social Transformations

Olena Kozmenko — 2023-11-03

The purpose of the research is to build a theoretical and methodological model, analyse, systematize and generalize the phenomenon of downshifting as an alternative resource of a person’s self-realization in the conditions of modern society. Methods. The methodology of the research consists of the interpretation of downshifting as a re-achievement of success in changed situations, taking into account a greater number of important conditions and factors. Results. It is stated that the attitude towards downshifters is ambiguous and causes many discussions, but it is important to understand that a person who dared to change their lifestyle may feel happy and self-fulfilled. It means success for this person. It was found that the difficult periods experienced by the modern generation, permanent reforms, the COVID-19 pandemic, then the war on the territory of Ukraine, and the unstable economic and political situation are the testing for social and moral values and a unique opportunity to rethink existence for the sake of positive changes in the future. A theoretical and methodological model of downshifting, which consists of such components as definitions; drives; approaches; forms; the types of people who choose to downshift and the unifying component of the model is operationalization has been built. All components have structural elements that reveal their main content parameters. Modern studies of the outlined problem are analyzed. Attention is focused on such a form of downshifting as an authentic Ukrainian variant. Representatives of the new movement – freegans – have been identified among the types of downshifters. It has been stated and proven that downshifting is a resource for the self-realization of a successful person, one of the options for getting out of a difficult life situation. Discussion and conclusions. It is summarized that the results of the research have significant scientific facts in the dimensions of a person’s self-realization, revealing their potential, and the success of a person in the dimensions of social transformations.

Comparison of Life and Meaningful Parameters of Adolescent and Young Adult Drug Addicts

Ivan Okhrimenko — 2023-11-03

The purpose of the article is to empirically investigate and compare the life and meaningful parameters of drug addicts of adolescent and young adult age. An attempt has been made to determine and compare the indicators of subjective control, functional state, and meaningful life orientations of two categories of drug addicts i. e. adolescents and young adults. The empirical basis of the research was made up of two groups of respondents who sought help at the City Addiction Clinical Hospital “Sociotherapy” (Kyiv, Ukraine): adolescent drug addicts aged 18–23 years (n = 52) and young adult patients aged 24–29 years (n = 46). Methods: bibliosemantic, comparative, psychological and diagnostic (valid questionnaires), method of systematic analysis and generalization, mathematical and statistical. Results. It has been found that youth drug addiction is a dynamic phenomenon that reveals concomitant signs of drug addicts’ behavior in different age groups. Adolescents with signs of addiction demonstrate a low level of subjective control, they do not see a connection between their actions and significant events for themselves; they show monotony, which determines the behavior of searching for sources of new sensations. Instead, drug addicts of young adult age are diagnosed with a higher level of subjective control, primarily in interpersonal relationships and in the field of achievement; they have a much higher severity of fatigue. It has been proven that drug addiction makes certain adjustments to the meaningful life orientations of young people. In particular, drug addicts of young adult age (compared to adolescents) have inadequate goals in life; they strive to live for today or even yesterday. Discussion and conclusions. The meaningful parameters of drug addiction among adolescents and young adults have been generalized and substantiated. The differences found in the indicators of respondents’ subjective control over the course and areas of their lives, which is likely to be a temptation to use drugs, have been explained. The peculiarities of the functional state of the respondents’ bodies, as well as the meaningful life orientations of drug-addicted youth have been outlined.

Determinants of Decision-making by Law Enforcement Officers

Anna Masian — 2023-11-03

The article is devoted to the theoretical and empiricalstudy of the problem of decision-making by lawenforcement officers in modern conditions. The purposeof the article is to present and explain the interactionof external and internal decision-making factorsin the professional activity of law enforcement officers.Methods. Theoretical: analysis and generalizationof the results of applied research in the field of decision-making; empirical: complex author’s methodology;data processing methods: methods of primaryand statistical data processing, correlation analysis.The results. On the basis of the analysisof theoretical and applied research in the field of psychologyof decision-making, the directions for conductinga comprehensive study of various components of the decision-making structure, the impact of stress onthe decision-making process, and typical decision-makingscenarios have been determined. Conductingan empirical research made it possible to single out significantdecision-making factors; correlation analysiswas carried out to establish the relationship betweenthem. The interpretation of the relationship betweenthe variables is presented on the basis of a comparativeanalysis with the results of applied foreign studies.Discussion and conclusions. Multidirectional trendsin decision-making in the activities of law enforcementofficers were revealed: readiness for action is combinedwith a tendency to delay the decision under stress,that requires the development of specially developeddecision-making algorithms. An individual’s ability toreformat decision-making scenarios is directly relatedto the tendency to preserve or destroy established attitudes.Making decisions by one process at the expenseof others, or applying other decision-making scenariosinappropriately under certain circumstances,can lead to reduced performance. At the same time,fear of consequences has an inhibitory effect, whichincreases in conditions of uncertainty and institutionallimitations in the system of law enforcement agencies,that necessitates the study of psychological aspectsof the discretionary behavior of police officers, as wellas the use of special programs for law enforcementofficers at the stage of professional training.

Psychological Training of Nurses for Providing Palliative and Hospice Care as a Factor of their Professionalization

Iryna Marchuk — 2023-11-03

The purpose of the work is to generalize the level of psychological preparation of nurses for providing palliative and hospice care as a determining factor in the acquisition of professional readiness, starting from the undergraduate period of study in institutions of higher education; and also to generalize the level of psychological preparation of nurses of general practice students of medical education, nurses of medical departments of general and palliative profiles for the analysis of this component among nurses with work experience in the relevant field. Methods. Questionnaire, subjective assessment method, “Bookshelf” method. The research results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Kruskal–Wallis test for three or more independent samples, Spearman’s correlation, as well as Multiple Linear Regression analysis using the method of stepwise selection technique. Results. Indicators of the level of readiness of nurses of the medical palliative care service and general medical nurses are higher than those of students of higher medical education – p≤.000001 (Kruskal–Wallis test). The results of the survey: 66.0% of general medical nurses and 54.0% of palliative care nurses show a high level of professional readiness to work with incurable patients, and 70.0% of students of higher medical education have an average with a tendency to a high general level of professional readiness to work with incurable patients. It was established that, according to Spearman’s rank correlation criterion, the level of professional readiness of nurses to provide palliative care increases with age – rs= .42 at р≤ .004. Deficient motivations prevail in 61.0% of students of higher medical education, 50.0% of palliative care nurses and 76.0% of general medical nurses. At the same time, the metamotives of righteousness and holiness, spiritual self-improvement, service and wisdom are significant only for 7.0% of higher education graduates, 16% of general medical nurses and 25.0% of palliative care nurses. The motive of serving in palliative care nurses is more pronounced (р≤.020). Multiple regression analysis indicated the importance of work experience (р≤ .003), the level of education (р≤.001), decreased focus on one’s own safety and confidence as meaningful motives (р≤.030). Discussion and conclusions. An overwhelming majority of respondents at all stages of professional training express a desire to help incurable patients. With age, the importance of this care is becoming more and more realized. For the nurses of medical palliative departments, the motive of service is more important than for others. Work experience and level of education are determining factors among other researched variables for determining professional readiness to work in the field of palliative care. At the level of undergraduate education, it is extremely necessary to include topics that help to reveal special metamotives in the initial program blocks.

Research on the Efficacy of Reciprocal Imitation Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Nadiia Kogutiak — 2023-11-03

The aim of the research is to implement reciprocal imitationtraining on a Ukrainian sample, that is a promisingdirection for teaching imitation skills to childrenwith autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in a social-interactivecontext. A hybrid form of Reciprocal ImitationTraining (RIT) for families raising children with autismspectrum disorders is hypothesized to have demonstrableefficacy in reducing parenting stress and increasingparenting competence. Methods. An early intervention program and research on the use of reciprocal imitationgroup training for parents raising children with autismspectrum disorders are presented, aimed at increasingparental competence and reducing parental stress. Dueto pandemic restrictions, the training was deliveredin a hybrid (online and offline) format. The researchwas carried out in the fall of 2021. The study involvedtwelve families who had children with a clinical diagnosisof “Autism F84.0” according to ICD-10-CM, whichwas confirmed by STAT and ADOS-2 results. Results.There was a statistically significant difference inparental stress indicators =-2.24 (p≤.05) when the twopre-experimental (M1=111.59) and post-experimental(M2=70.16) sections were compared. A statisticallysignificant increase in the indicators of parental competencewas observed before and after the experiment(α=.05 t=-2.87). There were statistically significant differencesin the growth of general social communication(α=.05 t=-2.83) and social engagement (α=.05 t=-2.04)indicators of children’s social communication skills. Itshould be noted that no statistically significant differencesin the parameters of expressive communication,receptive communication, and imitation/game werediscovered. Discussion and conclusions. Positivebehavioral changes in children with autism spectrumdisorders, as well as a decrease in parental stress indicatorsand an increase in parental competence, havebeen experimentally proven and theoretically supported.To determine the effectiveness of the applicationof reciprocal imitation training on the Ukrainiansample, it is recommended that it be actively implementedand operationalized, with online and offlineformats verified.